|
HFS (Higher, Faster, Stronger)
|
|
Velocity
|
v = Δs / Δt
|
|
Acceleration
|
a = Δv / Δt
|
|
Equations
of motion
|
v = u + at
v² = u² + 2as
s = ut + ½at²
s = (u + v)t / 2
|
|
Force
|
F = ma
|
|
Kinetic
energy
|
Ek =
½mv²
|
|
Gravitational
field strength
|
g = F/m
|
|
Weight
(force due to gravity)
|
W = mg
|
|
SPC (Technology in Space)
|
|
Charge
|
ΔQ = IΔt
|
|
Voltage (potential difference)
|
V = W / Q
|
|
Resistance
|
R = V / I
|
|
Resistance in parallel circuits
Voltage in parallel circuits
Current in parallel circuits
|
1/R = 1/R1
+ 1/R2 + 1/R3
V = V1
= V2 = V3
I = I1
+ I2 + I3
|
|
Resistance in series circuits
Voltage in series circuits
Current in series circuits
|
R = R1
+ R2 + R3
V = V1
+ V2 + V3
I = I1
= I2 = I3
|
|
Power
|
P = I²R
P = V² / R
|
|
Efficiency
|
ε = 100%
× useful energy output / energy input
ε = 100%
× useful power output / power input
|
|
Thermal energy
|
ΔQ = mcΔθ
|
|
Resistance at temperature θ Kelvin
|
Rθ = R0(1 + αθ)
Rθ= R0 + αR0θ
|
|
MUS (The Sound of Music)
|
|
Wave
equation
|
v = fλ
|
|
Speed
of a wave on a string or wire
|
v = √(T / μ)
|
|
Photon
energy
|
E = hf
|
|
DIG (Digging up the Past)
|
|
Resistance
|
R = ρℓ
/ A
R = ℓ / σA
|
|
Conductivity
|
σ = 1/
ρ
|
|
Light (photon) energy
|
E = hf
|
|
Photoelectric effect
|
hf = φ + ½mvmax2
|
|
EAT (Good Enough to Eat)
|
|
Stokes’
Law
|
F = 6πrvη
|
|
Refractive
index
|
μ = sini
/ sinr
= v1 / v2
|
|
SUR (Spare Part Surgery)
|
|
Stress
(tensile or compressive)
|
σ = F / A
|
|
Strain
(tensile or compressive)
|
ε = Δx / x
|
|
Elastic
strain energy
|
ΔEel = FΔx / 2
|
|
Thin
lens equation
|
1/v + 1/u = 1/f
|
|
TRA (Transport on Track)
|
|
Momentum
|
p = mv
|
|
Net force, where mass is constant
|
F = dp/dt
|
|
Force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field
|
F = BIℓ
sin θ
|
|
Faraday’s and Lenz’ laws combined
|
E = −d(NΦ)/dt
|
|
Voltage in a transformer coil
|
Ns/Np = Vs/Vp
|
|
Capacitance
|
C = Q / V
|
|
Exponential discharge in a capacitor
|
Q = Q0e−t/RC
|
|
MDM (The Medium is the Message)
|
|
Attenuation
in an optical fibre
|
I = I0e-μx
|
|
Capacitors
(Quality Varies Considerably)
|
Q = VC
|
|
Energy
stored in a capacitor
|
W = ½QV
W = ½CV2
|
|
Electric
field strength (Feq)
|
E = F / Q
|
|
Electric
field strength (Ved)
|
E = V / d
|
|
Force
on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field
|
F = Bqv sin θ
|
|
PRO (Probing the Heart of Matter)
|
|
Mass-energy
|
ΔE = c2Δm
|
|
Electrostatic
force
|
F = kQ1Q2 / r2
where k = 1 / 4πε0 (for the value of ε0, refer to the
data table)
|
|
Strength
of an electric field due to a point charge
|
E = kQ / r2
|
|
Kinetic
energy of a particle
|
Ek = p2
/ 2m
note that the particle must be travelling
much slower than the speed of light
|
|
de
Broglie wavelength of a particle
|
λ = h / p
|
|
Electronvolts
|
1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19
J
|
|
Kinetic
energy of a charged particle accelerated by a p.d.
|
Ek = QV
|
|
Radians
|
π rad = 180°
2 π rad = 360°
1 radian = 180 / π degrees
1 degree = π / 180 radians
|
|
Angular
velocity
|
v = ωr
T = 2π / ω
|
|
Centripetal
force
|
F = mv2 / r
|
|
Centripetal
acceleration
|
a = v2 / r
a = rω2
|
|
Radius
of a charge particle’s path in a magnetic field
|
r = p / BQ
|
|
BLD (Build or Bust)
|
|
Speed of longitudinal waves in a solid
|
v = √(E /
ρ)
|
|
Simple harmonic motion: condition required
|
F = −kx
|
|
Simple harmonic oscillators
|
a = −ω2x
a = −Aω2
cos ωt
T = 2π / ω
|
|
Total energy of an oscillating system
|
Etot = Ekin + Epot
|
|
STA (Reach for the Stars)
|
|
Luminous
flux from a sphere
|
F = L / 4πd2
|
|
Rate of
nuclear decay
|
dN/dt = −λN
|
|
Half-life
Decay
constant
|
t1/2 = ln2 / λ
λ = ln2 / t1/2
|
|
Nuclear
decay
|
N = N0e-λt
|
|
Nuclear
binding energy
|
ΔE = c2Δm
|
|
Gravitational
attraction force
|
F = Gm1m2 / r2
|
|
Strength
of a gravitational field due to a point mass
|
g = GM / r2
|
|
Gas
equation (Pervnert)
|
pV = nRT
|
|
Average
kinetic energy of a gas molecule
|
½mác2ñ = 3kT /
2
|
|
Doppler
shift of light
|
z = Δλ / λ ≈ Δf / f ≈ v/c
|
|
Redshift
from stars
|
z = H0d / c
|