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1. Physics at work, rest and play
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Kinematic
equations of motion
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s = ut + ½at2
v2 = u2 + 2as
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Efficiency
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% efficiency = [useful energy (or power) output / total energy (or power) input]
× 100%
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Heating
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ΔE = mcΔθ
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Photon
model
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E = hf
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For
waves on a wire or string
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v = √(T/μ)
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Refraction
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μ = sin i / sin r = v1 / v2
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For a
lens
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1/v + 1/u = 1/f
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2. Physics for life
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Photoelectric effect
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hf
= φ + ½mvmax2
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Elastic strain energy
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Eel
= ½Fx
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Stress
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σ = F
/ A
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Strain
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ε = Δx / x
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Young modulus
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E = σ
/ ε
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Stokes’ Law
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F =
6πrvη
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Volume of sphere
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4πr3/3
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4. Moving with physics
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Motion in a circle
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v = ωr
T = 2π / ω
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Attenuation
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I = Ioe-μx
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Mass-energy
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ΔE = c2Δm
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de Broglie wavelength
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λ = h / p
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Electric field
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E = F / Q
E = V / d
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In a magnetic field
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F = BIℓsinθ
F = Bqvsinθ
r = p / BQ
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Energy stored in
capacitor
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W = ½QV
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Capacitor discharge
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Q = Qoe-t/RC
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Faraday’s and
Lenz’ Laws
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Ε = -d(NΦ)/dt
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5. Physics from creation to collapse
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Two
masses in mutual orbit
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T2 = 4π2r3 / G(m1+m2)
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Radiant
energy flux
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F = L / 4πd2
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Molecular
kinetic theory
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½mác2ñ = 3kT/2
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Radioactive
decay
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dN/dt = -λN
λ = ln2 / t½
N = Noe-λt
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Waves
in a solid
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v = √(E/ρ)
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Redshift
of electromagnetic radiation
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z = Δλ / λ ≈ Δf / f ≈ v / c
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Cosmological
redshift
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z = Δλ / λ = H0d
/ c
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Simple
harmonic motion
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a = -ω2x
a = -Aω2cosωt
x = Acosωt
E = Ek + Ep
= ½mv2
+ ½kx2
=
½mω2x2 + ½mω2(A2
- x2)
=
½mω2A2
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DATA
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Acceleration of free fall
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g
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9.81
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m s-2
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Boltzmann constant
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k
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1.38 × 10-23
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J K-1
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Electron charge
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e
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-1.60
× 10-19
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C
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Electron mass
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me
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9.11 × 10-31
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kg
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Electronvolt
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1 eV
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1.60 × 10-19
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J
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Gravitational constant
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G
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6.67 × 10-11
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N m2 kg-2
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Gravitational field strength
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g
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9.81
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N kg-1
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Molar gas constant
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R
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8.31
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J K-1
mol-1
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Permeability of free space
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μ0
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4π × 10-7
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N A-2
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Permittivity of free space
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ε0
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8.85 × 10-12
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F m-1
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Planck constant
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h
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6.63 × 10-34
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J s
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Proton mass
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mp
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1.67 × 10-27
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kg
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Speed of light in a vacuum
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c
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3.00 × 108
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m s-1
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What’s up with the numbering?
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Not my fault, I’m afraid. Stupid ass Salters’ Horners’
decided to number each exam or piece of coursework 1 to 5. So parts 1 and 2 are the AS exams
and have formulae associated with them. Part 3 is AS coursework. Part 4 is the first A2 exam, and
Part 5 has two sections, 5i (A2 coursework) and 5ii (the second A2 exam). Part 6, the last A2 exam, the
synoptic paper, covers everything from all the other exams but doesn’t
have any new formulae associated with it.
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